![]() Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to participate in a papal conclave to elect a new pope. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals. ![]() ![]() Cardinals are created in consistories by the pope, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant ( sede vacante), following the death or resignation of the reigning pontiff. They are almost always bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church.
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